Or you may need to start with a professional document such as a standard or design code. Civil and Environmental Engineering. Evan Sterling. Email Me. Book a help session. Contact: Je travaille de la maison la plupart de la semaine, mais toutefois je peux vous aider par courriel ou rencontre MS Teams I am working from home most days, but I am here to help you by email or MS Teams meeting.
Steps in researching your research paper, report or thesis The process you follow when researching and writing a paper usually has at least the following steps:.
Choosing a topic - If you can choose a topic, choose one that you're interested in! If you aren't sure, do some preliminary reading and searching using general terms to figure out what you might pick. There's more advice here. Choosing where to search - This is key. This calculator calculates required thickness of a pipe under internal pressure based on criteria specified in section A flue gas unit not only works with exhaust but also with air, liquid, and steam.
Therefore, for 'ball parking' purposes, start by comparing boiler input capacity with the need to heat water. Volumetric Flow Converter, easy to use and with immediate results. This raised inlet pressure forces more air into the engine cylinders, allowing more fuel to be burned and thus resulting in higher power output.
The dew point is the temperature to which air must be cooled to become saturated with water vapor. It may be acceptable to use previous valid source specific test results, or testing that the process equipment's manufacturer performed during a similar operating scenario.
Before I get into the purge cycle losses, it is worth pointing out that the flue gas temperature profile provided another clue into a potential optimization opportunity. Boiler Determine the liquid composition and temperature using Excel solver, given the vapor composition and the pressure. Design of Pumping System. An energy-efficient method of removing carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and other acid gases from a stream of flue gases. Identifying potential threats to energy infrastructure from significant storms and other weather events.
In an FGR system, a portion of the flue gas is recycled from the stack to the burner windbox. Industrial flue gas ducts and stacks are recurrent object of combined Computational Fluid Dynamic CFD and Finite Element FEM Analyses aimed to: Improvement of flow performance in order to obtain an optimal temperature and velocities distribution.
The gas velocity through the body of the ESP should be approximately 0. Flue Gas - Natural Gas Say it is Y kg per hour. Calculate the flue gas composition both dry and wet basis leaving a boiler. It's free to sign up and bid on jobs. Copy values button introduced. The flue gases should leave the boiler at a temperature as low as possible to minimize the flue gas losses.
The Excel is an exclusive combi boiler to Wolseley. Combustion air 6. Starts up with only 2 psi. It allowed for the flue gas temperature to be lowered further than what is normally possible with a stand-alone CHP with FGC. Version 1. This calculator determines this efficiency from the CO2 content of the flue gas and the flue gas temperature. For instance if you just input an assumed flue gas temperature the program will calculate the specific heat and enthalpy of each component gas in the program.
Temperature Units The temperature units to use for all temperature parameters including sample temperature, dew-point, frost-point and wet bulb. Please note: Check and write down the miles on your trip odemeter just before a refill.
It gives values of some physical properties - density and viscosity in relation to the temperature of gases. The system overall follows the same procedure as the waste heat recovery unit.
I; Select as a basis for calculation: Ibs. The acid gas-rich sorbent is then heated to desorb the acid gas for capture and regenerate the sorbent. This information shall be furnished, in case pond ash is used in embankment construction.
For embankments with height more than 6 m, construction methodology should also be included. In cut sections in hilly terrain, seepage flow is common. Design and details of drainage arrangement for sub-soil and surface water shall be furnished.
It should be ensured that rain water and seepage water is quickly drained out. The gradient of drain shall not be flatter than 1 in Any other additional information relevant to the design of cut slopes.
Where alternative specifications or materials are proposed to bring in innovation in design etc. Such requirements shall be as specified in Schedule 'B' of the Concession Agreement. The minimum design, construction, performance and maintenance requirements for cement concrete pavements will be specified by the Authority and Schedule 'K' of the Concession Agreement will be modified accordingly.
Stage construction will be permissible subject to the requirements specified in para ii below. The thickness of bituminous overlay shall be determined on the basis of relevant IRC codes. The stage construction shall not be permitted.
It shall be designed to obtain a drainage coefficient of not less than 30 m per day. Generally the pavement condition in terms of roughness, cracking and rutting should not deteriorate to the maximum values specified in Schedule 'K' for rectification, earlier than 5 years from the original level from the year of rectification. If the deflection measurements are more than 1. For traffic projections, the procedure outlined in IRC: may be followed. The Concessionaire shall adopt a realistic value of the rate of traffic growth, provided that annual rate of growth of commercial vehicles adopted shall not be less than 5 percent.
The crust composition shall be provided accordingly. The thickness of sub-grade shall not be less than mm. Such stretches shall shall require reconstruction with provision of necessary measures such as replacement treatment of expansive sub-grade, drainage, etc. The thickness and layer s composition of bituminous surfacing Binder course and Wearing course over the granular layer shall conform to IRC IRC: 11 4 method and the design traffic as per the procedure outlined In IRC as also from structural numbers of existing pavement layers.
The initial-strengthening shall be done minimum design period of 10 years. Subsequent strengthening to for a extend the pavement to full operation period shall be implemented at the end of initial in design period or earlier, in case of any structural distress in the pavement [refer Para 5.
In case of repetition of the distress, reconstruction shall be resorted to after proper investigations. Report shall include CMC-dry density relationship with heavy compaction and soaked CBR values in addition to other data and information as per the prescribed Proforma.
All tests as per requirements of MORTH Specifications shall be reported in addition to the tests and information included in the above mentioned Tables.
Any departures from the specifications stated herein shall be supported with authentic standards and specifications and accepted practice. The roadside drains shall be designed on the principles of flow in open v - channel. Permissible non-erodible flow velocity for corresponding earth surface as mentioned in Clause 9. RCC Box of sufficient size shall be provided across the cross road to maintain the longitudinal drainage along the Project Highway.
The drain should have adequate longitudinal slope to the nearest culvert to drain off transversely. In super elevated sections the longitudinal drains should be designed to take the discharge from one side carriageway also.
In super elevated sections combination of covered longitudinal and cross drains shall be provided. In this respect, directions contained in Clause 7 of IRC:SP may be followed as appropriate for the climatic conditions of the area of the Project Highway. The drainage system and slope protection shall be kept well maintained at all times.
These drains shall be of trapezoidal shape with stone lining pointed with cement and sand mortar. The minimum thickness of material above the top of the pipe 1 shall be mm.
The drainage layer shall not have material finer than 75 micron size. The length and location of these drainage spouts should be such that the water is not discharged on any bridge element. The Effective drainage shall transverse drainage shall be secured by means of suitable camber in the roadway surface. Longitudinal drainage shall be secured by means of scuppers, inlets, or other suitable means of sufficient size and numbers to drain the run-off efficiently.
Care must be taken that the pipes are taken down in such a way that they are aesthetically pleasing. Overhanging portions of concrete floors shall be provided with drip moulds. Similar catch water drains should be provided at the end of gradient so that water coming from the structure is properly let out to nearest drain.
All the water is collected through sumps and finally discharged into the local drainage system i. As such attention is to be paid to get this large quantity of water drained out fast without accumulating there causing problems for traffic flow resulting in traffic jams.
The draining out systems should be designed with greater margins so as to avoid this problem, a least for grade separators, inside the cities or inhabited areas. The drainage channels at the toe of the highway may have to be adequately protected or reshaped for discharge in to these channels. Where the discharge from road drainage is not permitted, separate cross drainage structures are to be provided on both sides of such channel. The proposal for drainage system supported with survey investigation report and detailed design report shall be submitted to the Independent Engineer for review and comments, if any.
Drainage area, water shed delineation, direction of flow, location of outfalls, existing surface drains, ground surface condition, rainfall flood frequency,, etc. Culverts may have single or independent superstructure. For this purpose the height shall be measured from existing road level.
In case width of median is different from that of approach section due to site constraints, transition of 1 in 30 shall be provided near approaches for guiding vehicular traffic. The safety barrier on the median side shall be provided at a clear distance of 0.
The abutment wall shall have provision for taking the discharge from the median. In built-up areas, raised footpaths shall be provided. All the requirements to achieve durability and serviceability shall be implemented 7.
Typical cross-section of the new culverts for a 4-lane project highway is given in Figs. The overall width of new bridges with a footpath on left side shall be same as the roadway width of the approaches.
The crash barrier raised kerb in case of bridges up areas shall be provided at the edge of the in built paved shoulders with 0. However, in case a separate bridge is to be provided for service road at the same location, then the footpath shall be provided for the bridge on the service road. The overall width of new bridge in such cases will be less than the approach width up to the crash barrier at the edge of the paved shoulder with 0. Typical cross sections of new bridge with footpath no service road bridge and without footpath with service road bridge for a 4-lane Project Highway are given in Figs.
Such bridges shall be indicated in Schedule 'B'. Minor non-structural works shall be suitably repaired as per Para 7. Typical cross-sections at deck level for bridges with and without footpaths showing new bridge on one side , ' and existing 2-iane bridge on the other side are given in Figs.
Correspondingly typical cross-sections for six lane bridge are given in Figs. The wearing course, bearings and rubberized component of expansion joints which are damaged or older than 15 years in the existing bridge shall be removed and replaced and all repair and rehabilitation required shall be carried out before commissioning of the Project Highway.
General guidelines as below shall be followed: i The structure should aesthetically blend with the environment. Haunches of minimum size of mm horizontal and mm vertical shall be provided at the extreme corners of the box section. Suitable arrangements for lighting shall be made to enable inspection of the box. Similarly, in case minimum span length, spacing between joints, obligatory spans etc.
The design discharge shall be evaluated for flood of 1 00 year return period. All culverts having pipe diameter less than mm shall be replaced with pipes of minimum 1 mm diameter under both the carriageways. In case the cushion is insufficient, encasing of pipe in concrete shall be ensured. Adequate foundation for the staging shall be ensured. Redundancy in support system shall also be ensured by providing diagonals and additional members.
The following guidelines shall be adopted: i Formwork shall be of steel, marine ply or laminated plywood. Requirements given under Clause 3. Foundation blocks of adequate thickness in M15 cement concrete shall be provided under the base plates to prevent differential settlements. All bent tubular props shall be straightened before re-use and the member with deviation from straightness more than 1 in of its length shall not be re-used. For re-used props, suitable reduction in the permissible loads shall be made depending upon their condition in accordance with recommendations of the manufacturer and as reviewed by the IE.
Form supports and forms for cast-in-situ members shall not be removed until sufficient pre-stress has been applied to carryall anticipated loads during construction stage. The Concessionaire shall be fully responsible for the design and structural adequacy of all temporary and enabling works. Review by IE shall not relieve the Concessionaire of this responsibility.
The Concessionaire shall submit a method statement supported by the following:- a Bore-log details for each foundation; b Design assumptions; c Design calculations both for single pile or group of piles and for pile type; d Type of piles-Bored cast-in-situ piles and driven piles; e Procedure adopted for installation of piles; f Arrangements for load testing of piles; g Format for reporting of test results.
Suitable permanent arrangements shall be made for inspection of bearings from bridge deck. Spherical bearings shall conform to the requirements of BS The materials of bearings may however conform to the relevant SIS codes nearest to the specifications given in BS The drawing of bearings shall include the layout plan showing exact location on top of pier and abutment cap and the type of bearings i.
The bearing should cater for movement in both longitudinal and lateral direction. The QAP shall give the full details of the process of quality control,raw material testing, various stages of manufacture, testing of bearing components as well as testing of complete bearing in conformity with relevant part of IRC, prior to the commencement of manufacture of the bearings.
Full lot of bearings of the sample found to have inferior specifications to those certified by the manufacturer or to have major discrepancy in material specifications or which fail to meet the acceptance criteria, shall be rejected. This may be achieved by adopting longer spans, making the superstructure continuous or by adopting integrated structures.
Local and global stability of the structure shall be ensured. However, such structures shall not be provided near water bodies. The design of various types of their river training and protective works shall be in accordance with IRC The design loading for the crash barriers shall be as per Clause Any deviation to these provisions shall be specified in Schedule 'D'. The treatment to existing structure shall be given as in Sub Para 7.
The service roads where provided shall be continued in the bridge portion also. The Concessionaire shall be required to obtain approvals of all designs and drawings from the concerned Railway authorities.
The design of structure shall be in accordance with relevant Railway codes. This arrangement shall be on either side of the railway crossing if the situation demands. For some proportion of service road traffic, safe entry and exit shall be provided from service roads to the ROB. Design of structures shall conform to requirements specified in this Manual.
For all other structures with minor deficiencies, not affecting structural inadequacies and integrity, appropriate repair measures may be proposed and submitted to the Independent Engineer for review and comments, if any. Before taking up the works of repair and widening of the existing bridge, the Concessionaire shall make all arrangements to ensure that both way traffic can use the new bridge and smooth flow of traffic is maintained.
The Concessionaire shall take all precautions to guard against any traffic accident due to such diversion and shall use all necessary road signs, traffic management measures etc.
After completion of repair and widening of the existing bridge, all arrangements shall be made so that both the old and the new bridges at the site can be used by the traffic. Repair works for substructure, foundation, and abutment etc. Any other information relevant to the design report. Proprietary products proposed to be used shall be proven by use in comparable international road and bridge projects, and shall be supported with authenticated licensing arrangement with the manufacturer.
However, accident data demonstrates that motorists leave the roadway for numerous reasons including errors of judgment. To ensure long term road safety on these highways, the following suitable engineering measure are considered essential for adoption so as to help in improving road safety leading to reduction of accidents.
Traffic Control Devices, Road Safety Devices and Road Side Furniture shall comprise of road signs, road markings, object markers, hazard markers, studs, delineators, attenuators, safety barriers, pedestrian guard rails, boundary stones, km stones, etc. Proper signs shall be provided for main carriageways, service and slip roads, toll plaza and other project highway facilities. The sheeting for different type of signs can be chosen based on the selection guidance provided in IRC depending upon the situation encountered by road users in viewing the signs.
Sheeting with high coefficient of retro reflection at small observation angle are for a road sign to be viewed by a driver from a long distance, whereas the sheeting with wide observation angle for better performance at short distance viewing.
The Type XI sheeting will have better performance at short and medium distances. Micro prismatic sheeting is preferred for gantry mounted overhead signs. Type IV micro prismatic sheeting can be used for delineator posts. Overhead signs shall be placed on a structurally sound gantry or cantilever structure made of Gl pipes. The following conditions may be considered while deciding about the locations of overhead signs: i Present and future traffic volume. The overall size of gantry mounted signs shall be evolved based on design of sign boards given in 1RC Further, the signs and signals shall not carry any advertisement.
The sign for the curve ahead particularly in mountainous and steep terrain shall always be accompanied with chevron signs at the outer edge of the curve and appropriate delineation.
Following guidance shall be adopted while installing curve signs: i The curves with radii upto m shall be provided with curves warning sign in advance of hazard and single Chevrons on outer edge of curve. Chevron signs shall be always placed on outer edge of the curve and spaced uniformly for the length covering transition length and the straight portion as given in IRC Due to any reason if there is any curve with radius less than m, the safe negotiating speed for the particular curve shall be placed along with curve warning sign at both approaches.
Generally if the difference between the approach speed and permissible negotiating speed of any curve is more than 15 kmph, the curve warning and speed limit sign shall be placed on shoulder side and median side also. Flag type direction information sign shall be or installed at the start of deceleration length or gorge indicating the destinations of the side roads. The tip of all splitter and triangular islands shall be installed with the direction regulatory sign of appropriate size along with Object Hazard Markers.
Though both signs can be installed one post, but white installing in them the minimum clearance between vertical faces of signs and kerb specified in IRC shall be ensured 9. Relatively insignificant minor road approaches shall be provided with STOP sign and also a speed a breaker at 8 m to 12 m away from edge line, whereas a side road warning sign shall be placed on Project Highway.
The design details of a speed breaker which can considered for side road or on service roads are given in Fig. Pedestrian guard rail shall be forgiving type.
The zebra crossing shall be provided with warning sign and also informatory sign. On approach to school, warning sign shall be provided and zone shall be provided with footways and speed limit sign. On exceptional situations, at-grade crossing can be provided with adequate warning signs.
The typical application is shown in Fig. Since the readability of Project Highway hinges on road markings, the minimum performance level indicated in relevant code and specification for road marking shall be ensured and any shortage shall invite reapplication of road marking. The traffic lane line shall be continues for curves having radii less than m, where general operating speed is kmph.
Diagonal marking shall be provided in case of opposite stream of traffic. The continuity of shoulder edge line shall be maintained while making chevron markings. Toll booth shall be provided with chevron marking and hazard markers. There shall be transverse bar marking to alert the traffic about the approaching toll booth.
The shoulder and median edge line shall be continuous through and through and shall be broken lines where vehicles are allowed to cross like in continuity line. U m height or concrete or any manufactures product with retro- reflective reflector of at least Type IV sheeting as per criteria, placement and spacing given in IRC shall be provided. This will include low embankments and flat curves where crash barriers are not provided.
In addition, the objects shall close to the road shall be painted with black and yellow stripes using the paint conforming to IS The objects shall include foot path or utility poles or parapet or concrete barrier of Major bridge. Minor bridge, Culverts, RE Underpass or flyovers.
RRPM shall be provided on curves and approaches, bridges and approaches and junction influence. RRPM shall be provided for traffic lane for all curves less than m radii and shall be white in colour. The RRPM on traffic lane line shall be placed at the centre of gap of lane line marking. The RRPM shall be provided for pedestrian crossing to make them visible and shall be red colour. The details of road studs are provided in Table 9. Curve radii median side edge 3 to m and 27 m lines. Red colour criiicai section on shoulder side and Amber colour Length of Length including for median side highway where grade vertical All sections of Project vertical gradient and curves and 4 Highway having is2.
Red colour Length of no 5 Highway where overtaking 18 m on shoulder side, overtaking zone. The space requirement to shield a fixed object shouldbe considered while designing and constructing the attenuators. Therefore, all embankments with height 3 m or more shallhave safety barriers at the edge of formation, with delineating reflectors fitted on them. W beam barrier shall be provided along all curves having radii upto m for complete length of curves including transitions and 20 m further before and after the curve.
Normally on shoulder side the lateral distance of at least 0. Wherever a permanent object cannot be removed for some reasons, provision of tandems viz. W-beam metal crash barriers and hazard markers with reflectors must be made. Further, frangible lighting columns and sign posts need to be used for minimizing the severity in case of collision. Irrespective of type of barrier being used, the slope in front of W-beam or wire rope or rigid barrier shall be near to flat gradient so that safety barrier perform best when impacted by a vehicle and the slope of ground in front of barrier shall not be steeper than Some of the commonly encountered roadside obstacles are bridge piers, abutments and railing ends, roadside rock mass, culverts, pipes and headwalls, cut slopes, retaining walls, lighting supports, traffic signs and signal supports, trees and utility poles.
If damaged by a vehicle collision, both posts and rails of W-beam are to be repaired. Lack maintenance can cause the W-beam rails in to protrude into traffic way creating highly unsafe situation. Or else, you might feel frustrated that the wind system is not delivering what it is supposed to provide.
Timetables can join and split trains to form new trains Mouse control for 3D cabs Working transfer tables Welcome to the largest community for amateur Unmanned Aerial Vehicles! This community is the birthplace of ArduPilot, the world's first universal autopilot platform planes, multicopters of all sorts and ground rovers. Wind towers or wind catchers are small towers installed on top of buildings.
The bigger the square the larger the web. Vertical Axis Wind Turbine. Dashboard display. This is another experiment with the Arduino. So not worth the risk in my opinion. A string is one of these things. The lower roller and the motor are in a metal box, as is a metal brush located close to the lower roller and connected electrically to the box.
For the latest editions of Visual Studio and the Windows 10 developer tools, see Downloads and tools for Windows. More Map Collections. When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. They are available online as a cloud service. Electricity replaces the sun, wind, and some natural processes as the dependency for plants to grow indoors.
When you create your profile, select your controller and type of gearbox. The module mounts discreetly under the center monitor After months of messing and tweaking I have attached my Final code for my simulated wind using an Arduino Uno and a MonsterMoto.
While you can buy what is recorded, in all situations we will in general redo the bundle to suit the customer and the space accessible which will change the cost.
By leading the outside air into the building, wind towers serve as a Recommended Product Wind Turbine Kit Build a sturdy, free-standing wind turbine with a plastic base and take your experimenting to new levels! You'll be able to test the power of your blade designs with the digital multimeter, store wind energy for later use with the super capacitor, and experiment with series and parallel circuits using two motors and three LEDs.
Wind Farm Game. By having a day and night cycle, you need to sleep because if you get tired, you cannot work. Created with. A DIY wind turbine kit is great to place in many residential locations. Gear Generator is a tool for creating involute spur gears and download them in SVG format. Wind flows can be both beneficial and damaging to mankind. Those projects must strike a critical balance between low weight and high strength. This product is a digital download — Included Files.
The design of the wind tunnels depends mainly on their final purpose. Add this super awesome layer of immersion with our AlphaSim Wind Simulator. AC Adaptor - Like this get a bigger one if you plan on using more than 2 fans mm Fans or any size PC fan ideally something that moves a lot of air.
This magazine reviewed Stentec Sail Simulator 3. All displayed times are in the local San Diego time zone: U. Modern horizontal-axis, three-blade wind turbine generate the most electricity. Middleman high on "N" total posts: thread neolove: post neolove: 60 since: Feb A motor is designed to spin rather than to be spun. Die neue Generation der Wettervorhersage verbindet eine beeindruckende 3D-Darstellung mit leistungsstarker Gaming-Technologie.
There's no way I can write about the return of Flight Simulator without sharing just a little bit of my own story for context, as there are deep intersections. No need to manually configure any settings on your PC. Finally, watch your trebuchet go. Williams plays those sims while wearing an HTC Vive virtual reality headset, which provides complete visual immersion. A fishing line or braided nylon rope is the perfect string for producing and restoring wind Simulation pumpkins can be used as a gift to a friend, suitable for a variety of occasions such as bars, windows, and living rooms.
Drive your bass shakers, fans,vibration motors, or feedback pad with the most flexibility available yet. A slight wind could easily start the bending process for you and once it starts, it could end up badly. The symptom checker uses a simulation of the human body that allows users to […]Play the latest HTML5 games for free in your mobile browser without app store downloads. You can choose between using standard 3 wires PC fans, 4 wires PC fans or high performance in-line blowers.
After months of messing and tweaking I have attached my Final code for my simulated wind using an Arduino Uno and a MonsterMoto. Of course you need to connect your power cables.
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